achaemenid empire adab afghanistan akkadian language amorite anatolia ancient egypt angevin empire anu armenia armenians art of ancient egypt assyrians astronomy babylon babylonia and assyria baghdad barley book of genesis british empire bulgarian empire byblos byzantine empire calneh canaan carolingian empire carthaginian empire cedar city-state civilization climate change contract copper crete cuneiform law cyprus demography digital object identifier dilmun dutch empire ensi eannatum ebla elam elamite language empire enlil enshakushanna erech ethiopian empire euphrates europe first french empire geographic coordinate system german empire ghaznavid empire gilgamesh goat great seljuq empire greek language gudea gupta empire han dynasty holy roman empire hunnic empire iberian union ilulu imi inanna inca empire iraq ishtar khwarezmian empire kish lagash lapis lazuli lebanon limmu lingua franca list of monarchies louvre lugal-anne-mundu lullubi magan mail mali empire manishtushu marad maratha empire martu maurya empire mediterranean sea meluhha merriam-webster mesopotamia ming dynasty mongol empire mughal empire murex nabonidus nanna nanum national museum of iraq neo-assyrian empire nippur nomad old kingdom oman oracle ottoman empire pig poet portuguese empire public domain qin dynasty qing dynasty rimush roman empire russian empire safavid dynasty salinity sargon of akkad sassanid empire seleucid empire semitic languages serbian empire shamash shinar silver sippar song dynasty spanish empire subartu sumer sumerian king list sumerian language swedish empire syria tanakh tang dynasty taurus mountains tell leilan timurid dynasty turkey ur ur-zababa uruk water table western roman empire wheat yuan dynasty zagros mountains