alison brimelow biology bruno van pottelsberghe cytogenetics directive on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions dominique guellec embryology european commission european parliament european patent office european space agency fetus foster care framework programmes for research and technological development france french academy of technologies georges pompidou germany histology ingo kober intellectual property internet archive johannes bob van benthem le monde medicine memorial sloan-kettering cancer center netherlands paris peter messerli politician president of france roland grossenbacher science scientist switzerland unesco united kingdom university of alabama at birmingham university of paris world health organization xavier bertrand