affricate consonant alphabet alveolar consonant american anthropologist apical consonant back vowel bilabial consonant central consonant central vowel close vowel consonant dental consonant diacritic edward sapir ejective consonant europe franz boas fricative consonant front vowel glossematics glottal consonant glottalic consonant implosive consonant international journal of american linguistics international phonetic alphabet john wesley powell labialisation labiodental consonant lateral consonant latin alphabet leonard bloomfield liquid consonant louis hjelmslev maidu language mid vowel nasal consonant nisenan language obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the international phonetic alphabet open vowel palatal consonant pharyngeal consonant phoneme phonetic transcription phonetics phonology postalveolar consonant retroflex consonant rhotic consonant roundedness semivowel stop consonant tenseness trill consonant unicode uralic phonetic alphabet uvular consonant velar consonant voice onset time voiceless vowel