adversarial system affidavit arraignment arrest bail bill of attainder call of the house civil civil procedure complaint contempt of court court crime criminal code of canada criminal jurisdiction criminal law criminal procedure detention of suspects ex post facto law exigent circumstance extradition felony frank schmalleger grand jury habeas corpus indictment inquisitorial system judge justice of the peace knock-and-announce larceny law enforcement officer legislature magistrate miranda warning misdemeanor nelson muntz nolle prosequi nolo contendere north america oath outstanding arrest warrant peremptory plea plea plea bargain presentence investigation probable cause realm reasonable suspicion right to silence search and seizure search of persons search warrant sheriff statute of limitations summons united states congress writ