al-jazari alchemy ancient greece antikythera mechanism athanasius kircher audience figure aulus gellius autonomous robot cabaret mechanical theatre camus clock clockwork computer programming cuckoo cuckoo clock daedalus digestion discipline and punish dug north edo period europe france franklin institute frederick ii of prussia george hakewill greek language henri maillardet hephaestus hero of alexandria hesiod holy roman emperor hongwu emperor human humanoid robot hydraulics jacques de vaucanson japan jaquet-droz automata juanelo turriano karakuri khanbaliq king mu of zhou kingdom of prussia latin leonardo da vinci louis xiv of france lu ban manuel de landa mechanics mechatronics michel foucault ming dynasty mozi nature organism pandora philadelphia pierre jaquet-droz pneumatics public domain renaissance rhodes robot scorpion siphon smithsonian institution snake speaking tube talos the turk united kingdom united states university of sheffield villard de honnecourt wade-giles water organ wolfgang von kempelen yuan dynasty