akkadian empire akkadian language al hillah albert houtum-schindler alexander the great amorite aramaic language assur assyria assyriology assyro-babylonian religion astronomy babel babil governorate babylonia baghdad battle of gaugamela berlin bible book of genesis borsippa british museum chaldea city-state cleitarchus code of hammurabi ctesias cyrus the great david rohl dingir dur-sharrukin elam elamite language eliot weinberger eridu esagila esarhaddon etemenanki euphrates first babylonian dynasty geographic coordinate system gilgamesh gulf war hammurabi hanging gardens of babylon helipad herodotus history of sumer hittite language hittites hurrian language hurrians iraq ishtar gate isin kassites lagash larsa list of kings of babylon macedon mandaeism marduk mathematics mesopotamia mesopotamian mythology mitanni mushezib-marduk nabopolassar nebuchadnezzar negligence neo-babylonian empire ngirsu nimrud nineveh nippur parthia pergamon museum persian empire public domain robert koldewey saddam hussein sargon of akkad sennacherib seven wonders of the ancient world shamash-shum-ukin stadia strabo sumer sumerian sumerian language susa tell tigris tomb of daniel topography tower of babel ur uruk wikimedia commons ziggurat