artillery auguste-alexandre ducrot battle of beaumont battle of beaune-la-rolande battle of bellevue battle of borny-colombey battle of coulmiers battle of gravelotte battle of hallue battle of le mans battle of loigny-poupry battle of mars-la-tour battle of noiseville battle of spicheren battle of villepion battle of villersexel battle of wissembourg battle of the lisaine bazeilles beaumont belgium brandenburg gate cavalry christopher james davis france franco-prussian war geographic coordinate system george of saxony helmuth von moltke the elder infantry jean auguste margueritte kingdom of bavaria kingdom of prussia ludwig freiherr von und zu der tann-rathsamhausen metz napoleon iii of france otto von bismarck pincer movement plymouth brethren prussia rotherham second french empire sedantag siege of belfort siege of metz siege of paris siege of strasbourg siege of toul wilhelm camphausen