a mathematical theory of communication advanced mobile phone service alcatel-lucent apollo program arun netravali bell labs holmdel complex bell system bell telephone company bell of pennsylvania bjarne stroustrup carbon dioxide laser charge-coupled device charles hard townes chicago cincinnati bell cipher claude shannon clinton davisson computer network control chart cosmic microwave background radiation dna machine dark matter deal test site dennis ritchie diamond state telephone dye laser electret microphone electron diffraction electronic music erna schneider hoover fax federico capasso fractional quantum hall effect galaxy george paget thomson george stibitz gilbert vernam greedy algorithm harry nyquist herbert hoover high speed photography history of cryptography history of mobile phones homer dudley illinois illinois bell indiana bell information theory internet protocol james edward maceo west john bardeen joseph kruskal joseph mauborgne karnaugh map laser laser cooling lithography local area network local exchange carrier long distance mosfet music-n max mathews michigan bell microprocessor microwave radio relay modem modification of final judgment narendra karmarkar national medal of technology nevada bell new jersey new jersey bell new york city new york telephone nobel prize northwestern bell ohio bell one-time pad operating system orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing pacific bell pacific northwest bell peter shor philadelphia physicist plain old telephone service quantum cascade laser qwest corporation radio radio astronomy radiodrum ralph hartley research russell ohl sigsaly silicon six sigma software patent sound film southern new england telephone southwestern bell statistical process control stereophonic sound steven chu telcordia technologies telephone exchange television terahertz time-domain spectroscopy time division multiple access transatlantic cable transatlantic telephone cable transistor united states universe unix vocoder walter houser brattain wavelan western electric willard boyle william shockley wire spring relay wireless wisconsin bell wollensak