aks primality test absolute value abuse of notation ackermann function algorithm analysis of algorithms asymptotic expansion asymptotically optimal big o binary search algorithm brute-force search brute force clifford stein coefficient computational complexity theory computational resource computer science convex cone cubic function derivative determinant donald knuth double exponential function dynamic programming edmund landau equivalence relation exponential function factorial fast fourier transform general number field sieve geometric progression hardy notation heapsort if and only if infinitesimal insertion sort integer factorization integral transform introduction to algorithms iterated logarithm jeffrey ullman john hopcroft kd-tree l-notation limit superior and limit inferior linear linearithmic function logarithm mathematics michael sipser mnemonic normed vector space number theory o omicron polylogarithmic polynomial quadratic function real number special number field sieve theta topological group wikibooks