africa agavaceae alkaloid anatomy ancient greek areole arid arizona australia aztec bat bee biological classification bird bird migration bract cactus fence campari canary islands carbon dioxide cardoon carl spitzweg carmine caryophyllales central america cereus chlorophyll christopher columbus classical latin coahuila coat of arms of mexico cochineal continental drift crassulaceae crassulacean acid metabolism dicotyledon echinocactus grusonii echinopsis echinopsis spachiana euphorbiaceae fence ferocactus flower flowering plant frailea fruit growing season houseplant hylocereus insect invasive species landscape architect larco museum leaf liliaceae lipstick madagascar malic acid mammillaria masai mara melocactus mescaline mexico mexico city moche mojave desert moth new world north america old world opuntia opuntia ficus-indica orchidaceae ornamental plant pachycereus pringlei pangaea pantropical parallel evolution pereskia pereskiopsis peru petal peyote phloem photosynthesis physiology pitaya plant plant stem pollination rhipsalis baccifera saguaro saltillo seed selenicereus grandiflorus self-incompatibility in plants sepal south america sri lanka stamen stenocereus thurberi stoma succulent plant taproot taxonomy of the cactaceae tenochtitlan thistle transpiration vitaceae wall wax weed xylem