ballot beverley mclachlin british north america acts by-election cabinet of canada canada canadian charter of rights and freedoms canadian house of commons canadian senate divisions canadian federalism chief justice of canada constituency constitution constitution of canada elections in canada electoral district elizabeth ii of the united kingdom english language fixed election dates in canada foreign relations of canada french language government government agency government of canada governor general of canada judiciary leadership legislature list of canadian courts of appeal list of political parties in canada list of regions of canada lower house member of parliament monarchy in the canadian provinces monarchy of canada news release office-holders of canada parliament of canada parliamentary system political culture of canada political party population prime minister of canada provinces and territories of canada redistricting referendum senate of canada social speaker of the canadian house of commons speaker of the canadian senate stephen harper structure of the canadian federal government supreme court of canada tty the crown united kingdom upper house westminster system