a new kind of science alan turing asynchronous cellular automaton automata theory belousov-zhabotinsky reaction bijection binary numeral system block cellular automaton block cipher calculating space cephalopod chou-reggia loop cognition cone snail continuous automaton conus textile cryptography crystal growth cyclic cellular automaton digital physics dimensions discrete mathematics discrete time excitable medium firing squad synchronization problem graph paper jarkko kari john horton conway john von neumann konrad zuse life-like cellular automaton linear feedback shift register los alamos national laboratory martin gardner mathematica mathematics matthew cook melanie mitchell nervous system periodicity pigment portland state university pseudorandom number generator rudy rucker santa fe institute scientific american seashell second order cellular automaton secretion spatial decision support system stephen wolfram systolic array tessellation the ooze theoretical biology thermodynamics tommaso toffoli torus trapdoor function triangular tiling turing machine undecidable von neumann architecture von neumann universal constructor wang tile wikibooks wikimedia commons wireworld zebra