abiogenesis adaptation adenosine triphosphate amino acid ancestor artificial selection basset hound beak biology bird migration brassica oleracea broccoli bud cabbage cauliflower charles darwin cladistics convergent evolution creation-evolution controversy dna digital object identifier dog breeding earth ecological genetics erasmus darwin evidence of common descent evolution evolution as theory and fact evolutionary developmental biology evolutionary history of life flower gene flow genetic code genetic drift great dane history of evolutionary thought horizontal gene transfer human evolution immanuel kant introduction to evolution iron-sulfur world theory kale kohlrabi last universal ancestor leaf mixed-breed dog modern evolutionary synthesis molecular evolution most recent common ancestor mutation natural selection objections to evolution on the origin of species organism pah world hypothesis panspermia phylogenetics poodle population genetics protobiont pug quasispecies model rna world hypothesis silurian social effect of evolutionary theory special creation speciation species the beak of the finch virus