ascertainment bias babbling basshunter botulinum toxin brad cohen causes and origins of tourette syndrome cingulate cortex clinical trial clinomorphism comorbidity coprographia copropraxia echolalia echopraxia epidemiological study georges gilles de la tourette globus pallidus greek language history of tourette syndrome jean-martin charcot jean marc gaspard itard jim eisenreich le petit tourette lesch-nyhan syndrome mahmoud abdul-rauf michael wolff motherless brooklyn nick van bloss pandas palilalia paralysis pete bennett profanity samuel johnson sensory phenomena sign language society sociological and cultural aspects of tourette syndrome thalamus the tic code tic tic disorder tim howard tobias picker tourette syndrome association tourette syndrome foundation of canada tourette syndrome tourettes action tourettism treatment of tourette syndrome