adversarial system aircraft allegiance arraignment arrest arrest warrant attempt bail bill of attainder california civil procedure commerce clause concurrent jurisdiction constitutional law corporation court crime criminal law criminal procedure deception offences defendant detention of suspects direct effect e-mail english law ex post facto law exigent circumstance extradition federal aviation administration federal bureau of investigation federal rules of criminal procedure federation florida government grand jury habeas corpus inchoate offense indictment inquisitorial system internet knock-and-announce manslaughter miranda warning murder nation nationality nolle prosequi nolo contendere peremptory plea plea plea bargain presentence investigation probable cause public international law public law reasonable suspicion right to silence rodney king search and seizure search of persons search warrant ship sixteenth amendment to the united states constitution social contract sovereignty statute statute of limitations supranationalism taxing and spending clause transferred intent treason treaty united states united states department of justice united states federal courts virginia