acetic acid aneuploidy barbara mcclintock barr body cgh california cancer chromosomal translocation chromosome chromosome microdissection chronic myelogenous leukemia colchicine comparative genomic hybridization cord blood dapi dna down syndrome drosophila pseudoobscura ethanol fluorescence microscope fluorescent in situ hybridization g banding gene genetics harriet creighton heinrich wilhelm gottfried von waldeyer-hartz hematological malignancy heterochromatin imatinib insect migration interphase janet rowley karyotype maize metaphase methanol microscope mitosis mitotic inhibitor molecular cytogenetics natural selection nobel prize philadelphia chromosome prader-willi syndrome prometaphase prophase quinacrine snp salamander somatic theophilus painter transposon trypsin turner syndrome walther flemming