acid algae appendage arthropod bacteria biological classification branchiopoda caffeine carapace ciliary muscle circulatory system cladocera corpuscle crustacean daphnia coronata daphnia jollyi daphnia nivalis daphnia occidentalis ecosystem epinephrine ethanol filter feeder flea heart rate indicator species insect instar microscope millimetre nervous system nicotine parthenogenesis plankton protist rotifer saltation seta species spermatheca swamp toxin water flea wikimedia commons yeast