aachen dialect afrikaans amsterdam belgium brabantian brussels cologne continuum drenthe dutch low saxon dutch colonization of the americas dutch language east flemish east frisian low saxon european charter for regional or minority languages flanders french flemish friesland frisian language groningan low saxon holland hollandic ijssel jersey dutch limburgish loanword low dietsch low german low rhenish meuse-rhenish netherlands new jersey north rhine-westphalia overijssel pella dutch pennsylvania dutch plautdietsch randstad regional language rhinelandic rotterdam russia south guelderish southeast limburgish stadsfries substratum the hague voiced glottal fricative voiced velar fricative west flemish west frisian language west low german zeeland zeelandic