adjective archaism auxiliary verb clitic diaeresis digit dutch conjugation dutch declension dutch language dutch orthography dutch phonology english language flemish gender in dutch grammar german language germanic strong verb germanic umlaut grammar grammatical gender grammatical number grammatical person history of dutch orthography indo-european ablaut infinitive language long and short scales netherlands noun noun phrase octal plural possessive pronoun preterite principal parts pronunciation subject object verb subject verb object syllable t-rules vigesimal vowel wiktionary woordenboek der nederlandsche taal