australia baltic germans baltic sea baltic states canada chronicle chud demographics of estonia digital object identifier estonia estonian language estonian national awakening finland finnish language finno-ugric languages friedrich reinhold kreutzwald friedrich robert faehlmann garlieb merkel germanic peoples germany icelandic language kristjan jaak peterson kristjan palusalu latvia lennart meri list of estonian americans lithuania lydia koidula nations and nationalism nordic countries population transfer republic of ireland russia russification scandinavia sweden ukraine united kingdom united states vistula river world war ii young latvians