aesthetics age of enlightenment aristotle baruch spinoza christian universalism cognition dogma dualism edwin mellen press ernst moritz arndt ethics friedrich august wolf friedrich eduard beneke friedrich heinrich jacobi friedrich wilhelm joseph schelling german romanticism hermeneutics immanuel kant jacobi jesus johann augustus eberhard johann salomo semler john hick karl barth kingdom of prussia lessing logic lusatia lutheranism metaphysics moravian church new testament niesky old testament organism pedagogy philosophy pietism plato politics province of pomerania province of silesia prussian academy of sciences psychology public domain rationalism religion richard rothe romanticism self-consciousness summum bonum theology translation universal reason volition