adolf von baeyer adsorption afternoon play albert einstein alfred werner alma mater ammonia anton lesser bbc basel carl bosch chemical warfare chemistry chile chlorine clara immerwahr combustion dan starkey digital object identifier doctorate eduard buchner einstein and eddington electrochemistry ernest rutherford fertilizer france francis william aston frederick soddy fritz pregl fumigation gas mask georg lunge germany gold haber-weiss reaction haber process henri moissan hermann emil fischer humboldt university of berlin hydrogen hydrogen cyanide insecticide jew kaiser lesley sharp malcolm tierney malthusian catastrophe marie curie nazism nitrogen nobel prize in chemistry otto wallach physical chemistry poison gas in world war i rehovot richard adolf zsigmondy robert bunsen russia saltpetre second battle of ypres sodium nitrate stephen critchlow svante arrhenius switzerland technical university of berlin theodore william richards trench warfare university of heidelberg victor grignard walther nernst wilhelm ostwald william ramsay world war i zyklon b