allophone alveolar consonant back vowel central vowel close-mid back rounded vowel close-mid front rounded vowel close-mid front unrounded vowel close-mid vowel close back rounded vowel close front rounded vowel close front unrounded vowel close vowel consonant english language french language indo-european languages international phonetic alphabet italian language japanese language language mid vowel modern greek near-back vowel near-close vowel near-front vowel near-open front unrounded vowel near-open vowel norwegian language open-mid front rounded vowel open-mid front unrounded vowel open-mid vowel open front rounded vowel open front unrounded vowel open vowel orthography palatal consonant palatalization phonology place of articulation roundedness spanish language swedish language velar consonant vowel