absolute zero adenine albert einstein alpha decay alpher-bethe-gamow paper atomic nucleus big bang biology brussels cambridge cavendish laboratory cosmic microwave background radiation cosmogony crystallography cytosine dna digital object identifier discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation dmitri ivanenko edward teller enrico fermi ernest rutherford faust francis crick fred hoyle fritz houtermans galileo galilei geiger-nuttall law genetic code genetics greek alphabet guanine half-life hans bethe helium hydrogen igor gamow isaac newton kalinga prize lev landau mathematics niels bohr niels bohr institute nobel prize novorossiya nucleocosmogenesis odessa odessa university physical review physicist physics portable document format pun quantum mechanics quantum tunnelling robert wilson roger penrose russia russian empire russians saint petersburg saint petersburg state university solvay conference stellar evolution stellar nucleosynthesis the george washington university thymine unesco ukraine united states university of colorado at boulder university of copenhagen werner heisenberg wikiquote ylem