albert atterberg angle of repose atterberg limits automatic deformation monitoring system bearing capacity bedrock borehole boston bridge bulk density california california bearing ratio china christian otto mohr civil engineering clay cone penetration test consolidation construction crosshole sonic logging deep foundations institute deep foundation deformation monitoring direct shear test dynamic load testing earthquake earthquake engineering effective stress egypt engineering engineering geology exploration geophysics fertile crescent gabion geologic map geology geomembranes geosynthetic geosynthetic clay liner geotechnical investigation geotextile gravel ground-penetrating radar ground-structure interaction groundwater hazardous waste henry darcy hydraulic conductivity hydrometer jin mao tower karl von terzaghi land reclamation landfill landslide lateral earth pressure leaning tower of pisa marina mass wasting mechanically stabilized earth mesopotamia mineral mohr-coulomb theory nuclear densometer test ocean engineering overburden pressure peat photogrammetry pile pile driver plasticity pore water pressure porosity proctor compaction test reinforced concrete reservoir response spectrum retaining wall rock mechanics s-wave sand sediment control seismic hazard seismology shallow foundation shear shear stress shovel sieve analysis silt slope stability slurry wall soil soil classification soil compaction soil liquefaction soil mechanics soil nailing soil physics soil science specific storage specific weight standard penetration test subsurface thixotropy triaxial shear test underpinning united states void ratio water content water table water well wave equation analysis