adm formalism albert einstein arthur stanley eddington big bang black hole brian greene coordinate system cosmic censorship hypothesis cosmic string curvature of riemannian manifolds density digital object identifier domain wall einstein field equations electric charge electromagnetic field entropy equivalence principle event horizon exact solutions in general relativity frame-dragging friedmann equations general relativity general relativity resources geodetic effect gravitational lens gravitational wave hawking radiation hermann minkowski howard percy robertson infinity john archibald wheeler karl schwarzschild kasner metric kepler problem in general relativity kerr-newman metric kerr metric kip thorne kretschmann scalar linearized gravity magnetic monopole mass matter milne model moduli space naked singularity orbifold parameterized post-newtonian formalism physical cosmology pp-wave spacetime quantum gravity rate of change renormalization riemannian geometry ring singularity roy kerr saul teukolsky scalar schwarzschild metric smooth function spacetime special relativity star stephen hawking string theory subrahmanyan chandrasekhar supergravity supersymmetry the elegant universe tidal force time universe world line wormhole