abrasion agriculture apex predator autotroph bacterivore biodiversity bottom feeder california montane chaparral cannibalism carnivore carnivorous fungus carnivorous plant carnivorous protist cattle central california chaparral conservation grazing coprophagia death detritivore ecology europe filter feeder folivore frugivore fungivore generalist and specialist species geophagy graminivore granivore grass grassland grazing rights habitat hematophagy herbivory hypercarnivore insectivore kelp kleptoparasitism larva lepidophagy list of feeding behaviours livestock malaria mammal man-eater managed intensive grazing molluscivore mosquito mucophagy nectarivore northern california omnivore oophagy ophiophagy overgrazing ovophagy paedophagy palynivore parasitism pasture piscivore placentophagy plant predation rangeland red kangaroo scavenger sea urchin self-cannibalism sexual cannibalism shrub spongivore symbiosis tree trophallaxis wasp water quality wetland woodland xylophagy