abraham geiger al-dhahabi al-maqrizi al-mustadrak alaa al-sahihain al-muwatta al-tirmidhi al-waqidi al akhawayn university ali ibn al-madini alphonse mingana andrew rippin apocalypse of pseudo-ephraem apocalypse of pseudo-methodius arab arabic language arculf arthur jeffery athanasius of balad baghdadi biography bulugh al-maram bundahishn caliphate chronicle chronology citation civilization communication cultural history culture of india david samuel margoliouth dhul-nun al-misri dome of the rock early muslim sociology fath al-bari finding the truth in judging the companinons fiqh franz rosenthal gabriel of qartmin genealogies of the nobles geography hadith hakim al-nishaburi henri lammens herodotus historical method historiography history history of the mediterranean region history of the middle east history of the prophets and kings ibn abi zar ibn hajar al-asqalani ibn hisham ibn ishaq ibn khaldun ibn shihab al-zuhri ibn wahshiyya ibn al-nadim ilm ar-rijal islam islamic science isnad john wansbrough john bar penkaye jonathan berkey joseph schacht judaism julius wellhausen latin leone caetani list of islamic texts list of muslim historians major history of islam martin hinds maximus the confessor michael jan de goeje muhammad muhammad al-bukhari muhammad ibn jarir al-tabari muqaddimah muslim muslim ibn al-hajjaj muslim world numismatics oxyrhynchus palimpsest patricia crone persian people philosophy of history primary source propaganda prophet rabbi rawd al-qirtas reinhart dozy religion in india sahaba sahih sahih muslim saudi arabia science science of hadith scientific citation scientific method sebeos sirah rasul allah sociology sophronius source criticism state sulaym ibn qays suliman bashear sunan al-tirmidhi systematic bias tadhkirat al-huffaz tafsir tafsir al-tabari talkhis al-mustadrak the book of knowledge about the companions the book of sulaym ibn qays trophies of damascus unesco umar urwah ibn zubayr wahb ibn munabbih wilferd madelung william muir