achuar achuar-shiwiar afro-ecuadorian people agriculture alismataceae alpaca animal husbandry archaic period in the americas asia atlantic ocean awan languages azuay banisteriopsis caapi basalt before present conaie cacique camelid canavalia chili pepper christianity coca conquistador cotopaxi cotton cuenca curare datura digital object identifier dog domestication ecuador europe extended family formative stage guayas guinea pig holocene huaorani huayna capac imbabura indigenous peoples in colombia indigenous peoples in peru indigo irrigation jamil mahuad kichwa la hora late pleistocene lithic llama loja lupinus mutabilis maize mammoth marquesas islands megafauna mestizo models of migration to the new world muscovy duck oceania olmeca pacific ocean palta peanut pichincha pimampiro pleistocene polygyny potato provinces of ecuador quijos-quichua quinoa quitu regions of ecuador santa elena peninsula secoya language secoya people shuar siona siona people solar calendar south america spain spanish colonization of the americas spanish conquest of the inca empire spanish language spondylus state topa valdivia culture zapara