abdication auctoritas carolingian empire charles ii of england charles i of england college of cardinals commonwealth of england coronation denmark elective monarchy emperor emperor meiji emperor mommu emperor temmu emperor tenji english interregnum english restoration ernst kantorowicz geoffrey of monmouth giorgio agamben glorious revolution high king of ireland holy roman empire indonesia interrex ireland james ii of england japanese calendar japanese era name justitium lombards mary ii of england national diet library norway oliver cromwell ottoman interregnum pope portugal regent regicide reign republic roman republic roman consul roman law rurik dynasty russia scotland sede vacante sovereignty state of emergency the protectorate time of troubles united kingdom william iii of england