adam smith alexander pope anders chydenius bernard mandeville bishop butler christian socialism community daniel dennett economist edgeworth box enlightened self-interest essays on philosophical subjects francis hutcheson free price system general equilibrium human action kibibyte laissez-faire leonard read ludwig von mises market fundamentalism metaphor natural selection noam chomsky nobel prize philosophy of social science portable document format protectionism rational egoism rational selfishness robert nozick social darwinism spontaneous order the national gain the theory of moral sentiments the wealth of nations tobacco industry tragedy of the commons vilfredo pareto