aluminium american revolution andhra pradesh atacama desert australia bhp billiton banded iron formation beneficiation bentonite bihar blast furnace bloomery brazil canada carbon-oxygen bond carbon monoxide channel-iron deposits chile china direct reduced iron fortescue metals group goa goethite gossan granite hamersley range hematite hot blast igneous rock india iran iron iron oxide iron pillar of delhi ironmaster karnataka kazakhstan kerala lake argyle laterite limonite madhya pradesh magnetite maharashtra manganese mauritania metal metasomatism meteorite michigan mineral mining minnesota ophiolite orissa oxide oxygen phosphoric acid phosphorus pig iron pisolite quartz rajasthan rio tinto group russia sedimentary rock siderite skarn smelting south africa steel sulfur sulfur dioxide sweden taconite tamil nadu tasmania ukraine ultramafic to mafic layered intrusions united states venezuela western australia world war ii worldwatch institute xenolith