alfredo guzzoni allied advance from paris to the rhine alpine line alps battle for the hague battle of aachen battle of britain battle of dunkirk battle of fort eben-emael battle of france battle of hannut battle of maastricht battle of overloon battle of rotterdam battle of zeeland battle of the bulge battle of the grebbeberg battle of the netherlands battle of the scheldt benito mussolini bordeaux chief of staff colmar pocket dieppe raid end of world war ii in europe french riviera frostbite gastone gambara italian-occupied france maginot line menton nice open city paris pietro badoglio western allied invasion of germany