apocope apophony assibilation back vowel baltic-finnic languages breton language brythonic languages celtic languages chain shift chroneme cluster reduction coarticulation compensatory lengthening consonant gradation consonant harmony consonant mutation cornish language coronal consonant crasis dissimilation elision epenthesis finnish language flap consonant floating tone fortition gaelic script gemination germanic spirant law glottalic consonant grammaticalisation haplology historical linguistics initial consonant voicing international phonetic alphabet intervocalic alveolar flapping ireland irish initial mutations irish orthography language latin latin alphabet manx language markedness nasalization palatalization paragoge place of articulation proto-celtic rhotacism sami languages sandhi sardinian scottish gaelic secondary articulation sonorant sound change spanish language tone sandhi trill unicode united kingdom unpacking velarization votic language vowel breaking vowel harmony welsh language welsh morphology