acting president ambush anhui clique annette lu anti-fengtian war arbitrary arrest and detention bai chongxi baoding battle of south henan battle of suixian-zaoyang battle of wuhan battle of xuzhou battle of zaoyang-yichang beijing beijing coup beiyang army beiyang government breast cancer cai e cancer cao kun central hopei operation central plains war chen cheng chen jiongming chen jitang chen shui-bian chiang ching-kuo chiang kai-shek china chinese civil war chinese character chinese language chongqing columbia university constitution of the republic of china constitutional protection movement control yuan cruel and unusual punishment du xigui duan qirui duodenum empire of japan feng guozhang fengtian clique gao lingwei guangdong guangxi guangzhou guilin guominjun handan history of the republic of china hsieh tung-min hu weide huang fu imperial japanese army kuomintang lee teng-hui li bai li xiucheng li yuanhong lien chan lin hu lin sen lu rongting ma ying-jeou ma clique mainland china may fourth movement military of the republic of china nanjing national assembly of the republic of china national protection war national revolutionary army new york occupation of mongolia pinyin political prisoner politics of the republic of china president of the republic of china president of the united states provisional constitution of the republic of china puyi qing dynasty republic of china second sino-japanese war shanxi clique shijiazhuang sichuan clique sun fo sun yat-sen taipei taiping rebellion tianjin tongmenghui vice president of the republic of china vincent siew wade-giles warlord warlord era wuhan xinjiang clique xu shichang xuzhou yan huiqing yen chia-kan yuan shikai yueyang yunnan-guangxi war yunnan clique zhang zuolin zhili clique zhou enlai zhou ziqi zhuang