beiyang government cao kun chen shui-bian chiang ching-kuo chiang kai-shek chinese language chongqing concubinage constitution of the republic of china cultural revolution du xigui duan qirui feng guozhang first sino-japanese war fujian gao lingwei guangzhou hu hanmin hu weide huang fu kaohsiung kuomintang lee teng-hui li yuanhong li zongren ma ying-jeou mainland china national assembly of the republic of china ohio state university pinyin president of the republic of china provisional constitution of the republic of china republic of china second sino-japanese war shanghai sun yat-sen tainan city taipei taiwan tongmenghui xu shichang yan huiqing yen chia-kan yuan shikai zhou ziqi