african american vernacular english afro-asiatic languages akkadian language algic languages algonquian languages amerias american sign language anatolian languages ancient macedonian language applied linguistics arabic language armenian language articulatory synthesis athabaskan languages australia austria austronesian languages avestan language baltic languages bangladesh bantu languages basque language belarus belgium bengali language brythonic languages canada categorial grammar celtic languages chechen language cherokee language china chinese language clive upton cognitive linguistics colombia colombian spanish comparative linguistics computational linguistics construction grammar conversation analysis cornish language corpus linguistics cree language creole language croatia croatian language cuneiform script cyprus czech republic czech language denmark descriptive linguistics dialectology discourse analysis distributed morphology dravidian languages dzongkha language east asian languages ecolinguistics egyptian hieroglyphs egyptian language elvish languages emergent grammar english language esperanto estonia estonian language etymology evolutionary linguistics finland finnish language france french language functionalism general semantics generative grammar generative linguistics generative semantics georgian language german language germanic languages germany grammatical aspect grammatical tense greece greek language haisla language halkomelem language hebrew language historical linguistics history of linguistics hittite language hungarian language hungary icelandic language india indigenous australian languages indigenous languages of the americas indo-aryan languages indo-european languages indo-european studies indo-iranian languages ingush language integrational linguistics iran iranian languages ireland irish language iroquoian languages israel italian language italic languages italy jamaica japan japanese language kathlamet language ket language khmer language khoisan languages klingon language korean language kurdish language lamba language language acquisition language change language contact language death language development language model language of thought language policy language processing languages of africa languages of brazil languages of india languages of papua new guinea languages of the caucasus languages of the philippines latvia lebanon lexical semantics lexicography lexicostatistics linear b linguistic anthropology linguistic prescription linguistic typology linguistics lithuania lithuanian language machine translation malagasy language manx language maya script mayan languages mesoamerican languages mexico mixe-zoque languages mohawk language mon-khmer languages mongolia mongolian language morphophonology motoki tokieda mundari language nadsat natural language processing navajo language naxi language netherlands neuro-linguistic programming neurolinguistics new mexican spanish new zealand nicaraguan sign language nilotic languages north korea nostratic languages nubian languages old chinese old english old norse optimality theory origin of language pakistan papuan languages paralanguage persian language philology philosophy of language phonetics phonology phraseology pidgin poland polish language pragmatics prosody proto-indo-european language prototype theory psycholinguistics punjabi language quenya romance languages romania russia russian language salishan languages sanskrit santali language saramaccan language scottish gaelic second language acquisition semantics semiology semiotics semitic languages sequoyah serbia serbian language seri language shinkichi hashimoto sibawayh sindarin slavic languages slovakia slovenia sociocultural linguistics sociolinguistics south africa south slavic languages spanish language speech act speech perception speech synthesis standard mandarin statistical semantics structural semantics structuralism susumu kuno sweden switzerland symbiosism syntax syriac language systemic functional grammar tagmemics tai languages text linguistics thai language theoretical linguistics tibetan language tibeto-burman languages tocharian languages tonkawa language transformational grammar turkey turkic languages turkish language typology ubykh language ukraine united kingdom united states universal grammar unsolved problems in linguistics wang li word grammar yamada yoshio yiddish language yuen ren chao