and-or-invert and gate american national standards institute analytical engine and-inverter graph arithmetic logic unit boolean function boolean logic cmos capacitance capacitor charles babbage charles peirce clock signal coincidence circuit computer architecture cost dna dna nanotechnology digital digital audio digital photography digital signal processing digital video diode diode logic efficiency electrical bus electronic amplifier electronics european committee for standardization field-effect transistor field-programmable gate array fluidics gain gate array hardware description language howstuffworks institute of electrical and electronics engineers integrated circuit international electrotechnical commission karnaugh map lee de forest lego list of tesla patents logic family logical graph logical implication ludwig wittgenstein mosfet microprocessor molecular logic gate multiplexer nmos logic nor gate national semiconductor nikola tesla nobel prize or gate optics patent processor register programmable logic device propagation delay propositional calculus rca relay reliability reversible computing sequential logic shift register size speed texas instruments toffoli gate tractatus logico-philosophicus transistor truth table vhdl vacuum tube verilog voltage walther bothe xnor gate xor gate