back vowel brazilian portuguese central vowel character entity reference close-mid back rounded vowel close-mid central rounded vowel close-mid central unrounded vowel close-mid front unrounded vowel close-mid vowel close back rounded vowel close front rounded vowel close front unrounded vowel close vowel dutch language dutch phonology english language english phonology european portuguese french language french phonology front vowel international phonetic alphabet kirshenbaum language mid vowel near-back vowel near-close vowel near-front vowel near-open central vowel near-open vowel open-mid vowel open front unrounded vowel open vowel palatalization portuguese language portuguese phonology received pronunciation roundedness russian language russian phonology schwa swedish language swedish phonology vowel x-sampa