aesthetics aleksandr solzhenitsyn alexander herzen carnivalesque christianity chronotope defecation democritus dialogic discourse eating epic and novel epic poetry ernst cassirer ethics ferdinand de saussure fyodor dostoevsky gargantua and pantagruel grotesque body hermann cohen heteroglossia hippocrates intertextuality julia kristeva kazakhstan kimry lev vygotsky linguistics literature lithuania materialistic max scheler menippean satire michel foucault moscow neo-kantianism nevel nicolai hartmann novel odessa orel osteomyelitis pskov oblast renaissance rhetoric roman jakobson russia russian orthodox church russian language russian literature saint petersburg saransk saussure sex siberia tzvetan todorov united kingdom united states utterance valentin voloshinov vilnius vitebsk voskresenie world war ii yuri lotman yury tynyanov