acadia adam of bremen africa americas anne stine ingstad archaeology baffin island barter blond eskimos blubber british colonization of the americas canoe cape bauld cape breton island carl christian rafn catholic christopher columbus colony of british columbia colony of vancouver island colony of the queen charlotte islands columbia district courland colonization of the americas danish colonization of the americas decolonization of the americas denmark dutch colonization of the americas eastern settlement erik the red europe fjord fort san miguel french colonization of the americas geographer german colonization of the americas gray squirrel greenland hans egede heavener runestone helge ingstad helluland history of greenland history of the americas iceland indigenous peoples of the americas inuit ivory kensington runestone knarr labrador leif ericson little ice age lower canada maine manslaughter markland milk monarchy nanortalik new brunswick new france newfoundland nootka sound norse north-western territory north america norway nova scotia ocean current olaf iii of norway oregon country polar bear portuguese colonization of the americas prince edward island protestant reformation province of canada qaqortoq red river colony russian colonization of the americas sagas of icelanders scandinavia scottish colonization of the americas shore spanish colonization of the americas stikine territory swedish colonization of the americas the canadas thorfinn karlsefni united colonies of vancouver island and british columbia upper canada viking vinland vinland map western settlement