ahmed abdul-malik ahmed mukhtar al-andalus aleppo ancient rome anouar brahem arabic alphabet arabic language archlute arghul armenia armenian language armenians arsalan kamkar assyrians azerbaijani language balalaika bassem rizk bendir biwa bouzouki buzuq canada charango charbel rouhana chitarra italiana classical guitar daf daguangxian daron malakian davul dhafer youssef dombra domra drum dutar egypt egyptians erhu flute fret goblet drum greece greek language greeks guitar habban hamza el din haraam hazem shaheen hossein behroozinia iberian peninsula iran iraq irish bouzouki israel jirba john berberian joseph tawadros kamanjah kawala kissar komuz krakebs kuwait lamech lebanon liuqin lute luthier lyre mandocello mandola mandolin mandolute mansour nariman maqam marcel khalife mazhar mesopotamia microtonal music middle eastern music mihbaj mijwiz mirwas mizwad mohammed abdel wahab morocco munir bashir musical instrument naqara naqareh naseer shamma ney palestine pandura pegbox persian language persian people pipa plastic plectrum rabih abou-khalil rebab rhaita richard hagopian riq robin williamson rubab saddam hussein salman shukur sandpaper sandy bull saudi arabia sayed darwish setar sheikh imam simon shaheen simsimiyya sintir sistrum sitar somali language somalia spain strum sudan surbahar syria talal maddah tanbur theorbo timbre tiorbino tiqin topshur tunisia turkey turkic peoples turkish language udi hrant kenkulian united kingdom united states uruk period veena vibrato virtuoso watermelon wikimedia commons wood yair dalal yemen zhonghu zill zither