abdullah i of jordan abraham acre adriaan reland aelia capitolina al-aqsa mosque al-ashraf qansuh al-ghawri al-bireh al-walid i alan gardiner alexander the great alphonse de lamartine americas amman ancient egypt ancient macedonians anglo-french declaration antiochus iv epiphanes antiquities of the jews arab arab higher committee arab liberation army arab citizens of israel arabian peninsula arabic language arabistan archaeology of israel ariel sharon aristobulus ii arsuf arthur balfour ascalon ashdod ashkelon assyrian augsburg babylon babylonian captivity baghdad baibars bar kokhba basic books battle of hattin battle of qarqar battle of yarmouk bayard taylor bedouin bernard lewis bethlehem bible biblical hittites black death british mandate of palestine bronze age byzantine empire caesarea caesarea maritima cairo canaan canaanite caravanserai cardo central powers chaim weizmann church of the ascension church of the nativity clade classical antiquity columbia university press cyprus internment camps damascus daniel pipes david david nicolle dead sea decapolis decumanus maximus deir dibwan demographics of israel demographics of jordan demographics of the palestinian territories digital object identifier dissolution of the ottoman empire djahy dome of the rock druze egypt egyptian expeditionary force ekron eleutheropolis emmaus encyclopaedia biblica encyclopedia of world history english language eusebius of caesarea faisal i of iraq fatima fertile crescent france french mandate of syria from time immemorial galilee gaza gaza strip genoa geoffrey salmond geographer germany gezer gindibu golan heights great britain greater israel greater syria greece greek language hadrian hagiography haifa haplotype hasmonean hebrew bible hebrew language hebrews hebron hellenization herod the great herodium herodotus historiography history of israel history of palestine history of ancient israel and judah holy land howard sachar hyrcanus ii imwas iraq irgun iron age israel iudaea province jacob jaffa james hastings jan smuts jenin jericho jerusalem jesus jew jewish encyclopedia jewish exodus from arab lands jezreel valley jordan jordan river jordan valley joseph jacobs josephus judea jund filastin justinian i kathleen christison kingdom of israel kingdom of jerusalem kingdom of judah kurdistan kurkh monolith lajjun land of israel league of nations lebanon levant levite litani river lod maccabees mar saba mark twain martin gilbert mediterranean sea merneptah merneptah stele mesha mesha stele mesopotamia middle east quarterly moab monastery of the temptation mongols moses mount carmel mount ebal muhammad muhammad ali of egypt mycenaean nabataeans nablus names of the levant nazareth negev neolithic nicopolis oleh omri ottoman empire ottoman turks palaic language paleolithic palestine exploration fund palestine liberation organization palestinian national authority palestinian people palestinian territories persian empire petra philistines phoenicia pisa place names in palestine pliny the elder pompey pottery proconsul promised land proposals for a palestinian state ptolemaic dynasty rafah ramallah ramallah and al-bireh governorate ramesses iii ramla raphia retjenu rhetoric robert lansing roman empire safed samaria samaritan san remo conference sanjak sargon ii saul sea peoples second temple seleucid empire selim i seljuk septimius severus shalmaneser iii sharif of mecca shechem shmuel katz shuqba sidon sinai peninsula solomon sophronius southern syria subdivisions of the ottoman empire syria tacitus tel megiddo temple mount temple in jerusalem theodosius thomas shaw tiberias titus transjordan tunisia turkish people umar united kingdom united monarchy united nations united nations partition plan for palestine university of pennsylvania venice war against gallus west bank western wall wikimedia commons wikiquote wilayah winston churchill world war i world war ii writer yehoshua porath