africa alaska americas amundsen-scott south pole station anglo-america antarctic treaty system antarctica arabian peninsula arctic arctic circle arctic ocean argentina asia asia-pacific atlantic ocean australasia axial tilt canada canadian arctic archipelago caribbean caucasus central africa central america central asia central europe denmark earth east africa east asia eastern europe effect of sun angle on climate equator esperanza base europe far east geographical pole geographical zone geography of antarctica global warming greenland ice indian ocean indochina iranian plateau krill latin america latitude levant list of antarctic expeditions maghreb malay archipelago marambio base mcmurdo station melanesia mesopotamia micronesia middle east midnight sun moon natural satellite new zealand north africa north america north asia north pole northern america northern europe norway ocean oceania open directory project pacific ocean palmer station planet polar climate polar drift polar exploration polar ice cap polar low polynesia russia scott base sea ice siberia south america south asia south pole southeast asia southern africa southern cone southern europe southern ocean southwest asia subregion sun sunlight tree line united states upwelling vostok station west africa western europe winter world ocean