adversarial system arraignment arrest arrest warrant bail bill of attainder civil procedure criminal jurisdiction criminal law criminal procedure detention of suspects ex post facto law exigent circumstance extradition federal bureau of investigation grand jury habeas corpus indictment inquisitorial system john augustus knock-and-announce legal term miranda warning national crime information center nolle prosequi nolo contendere peremptory plea plea plea bargain probable cause probation officer prosecutor reasonable suspicion right to silence search and seizure search of persons search warrant statute of limitations