aberconwy aberffraw act of union angevin empire anglesea caernarfon castle ceredigion chester church in wales church of england council of wales and the marches dafydd ab owain gwynedd dafydd ap gruffydd dafydd ap llywelyn de facto deheubarth dolwyddelan duke of cornwall dynasty england fealty flag of wales france friar garth celyn government gruffydd ap cynan gruffydd ap llywelyn gwenllian of wales gwynedd in the high middle ages henry iii henry iii of england henry iv of england henry vii of england herefordshire historian home rule isabella de braose john of england kingdom of england kingdom of powys kingdom of scotland latin llywelyn the great llywelyn the last ludlow machen machynlleth madog ap llywelyn medieval welsh literature monarchy north wales owain gwynedd owain lawgoch perfeddwlad powys fadog powys wenwynwyn primacy prince of wales principality rhodri the great river dee scotland state statute of rhuddlan suzerainty titular ruler treaty of aberconwy treaty of gwerneigron treaty of montgomery united kingdom wales welsh marches welsh office welsh language welsh law