academy aedesia aedesius alcibiades alexandria allegory of the cave almagest ambrosius theodosius macrobius amelius ammonius hermiae ammonius saccas analogy of the divided line anaxagoras angle trisection anicius manlius severinus boethius anthemius of tralles antiochus of ascalon apollonius of perga arcesilaus archimedes archimedes palimpsest archytas aristaeus the elder aristarchus of samos aristophanes aristotle arithmetica asclepigenia asclepiodotus of alexandria athens autolycus of pitane babylonian mathematics bion of abdera bryson of heraclea byzantine empire callicles callippus carneades carpus of antioch chariot allegory chrysanthius chrysippus cleomedes conon of samos constantinople crantor crates of athens ctesibius damascius demiurge democritus dicaearchus dinostratus dionysius the areopagite dionysodorus diophantus disciples of plotinus domninus of larissa doubling the cube egyptian mathematics eratosthenes euclid eudemus of rhodes eudoxus of cnidus eusebius of myndus eutocius of ascalon form of the good geminus glaucon gorgias greek language greek mathematics greek philosophy hegesinus of pergamon heraclides ponticus hero of alexandria hierocles of alexandria hipparchus hippasus hippias hippocrates of chios hypatia of alexandria hypsicles iamblichus indian mathematics isidore of alexandria julian the apostate lacydes of cyrene leo the mathematician leodamas of thasos library of alexandria lycia mactutor history of mathematics archive marinus marinus of neapolis mathematics maximus of ephesus maximus of tyre menaechmus menedemus of pyrrha menelaus of alexandria metaphor of the sun middle platonism monism mount lycabettus neoplatonism nicomachus nicoteles of cyrene nous numenius of apamea oenopides olympiodorus the elder olympiodorus the younger origen the pagan pappus of alexandria parmenides parthenon philip of opus philo philo of larissa philolaus philon philosopher king philosophy plato platonic academy platonic epistemology platonic idealism platonic realism platonism plotinus plutarch plutarch of athens pope benedict xvi posidonius priscian of lydia problem of apollonius protagoras ptolemy pythagoras rhetoric sallustius serenus of antinouplis simplicius of cilicia socrates socratic dialogue socratic method sopater of apamea sosigenes of alexandria sosipatra speusippus sporus of nicaea squaring the circle syrianus telecles thales theodorus of cyrene theodosius of bithynia theon of alexandria theon of smyrna theurgy third man argument thrasymachus thymaridas timaeus of locri timetable of greek mathematicians xanthus xenocrates zeno of elea zeno of sidon