capital gains tax central bank consumption consumption tax corporate finance deficit economic policy finance financial market financial market participants financial regulation fiscal policy flat tax fractional-reserve banking free banking full-reserve banking gold standard government debt government spending income income tax islamic banking laffer curve land value tax monetary policy money supply payroll tax personal finance progressive tax public finance regressive tax robin hood effect sales tax stamp duty suits index tariff tax tax advantage tax exemption tax haven tax incidence tax rate tax rates around the world tax system in china taxation in australia taxation in canada taxation in colombia taxation in france taxation in germany taxation in india taxation in indonesia taxation in new zealand taxation in peru taxation in switzerland taxation in tanzania taxation in the british virgin islands taxation in the netherlands taxation in the republic of ireland taxation in the united kingdom taxation in the united states value added tax