aisin gioro all under heaven anhui antoine thomas april artillery battle of ningyuan beijing beiyang army beiyang fleet burma chen yuanyuan chengde china china proper chinese language chinese sovereign court of colonial affairs de facto dorgon dungan revolt dynasties in chinese history dzungars ebilun eight-nation alliance eight banners ejei khan emperor emperor of china empire of china empire of japan empress dowager cixi empress dowager longyu empress dowager xiaozhuang encyclopedia ethnic cleansing ferdinand verbiest fifth column first opium war first sino-japanese war forbidden city france french third republic fujian gansu garrison genghis khan george iii of the united kingdom german empire government grand council great britain great qing legal code great wall of china green standard army guangdong guangxi guizhou han chinese heilongjiang henan heshen history of china history of taiwan history of the republic of china hong kong hong kong island huai army huang taiji hubei hunan imperial examination india indonesia industrial revolution inner mongolia jiangsu jiangxi jiaqing emperor jilin jin johann adam schall von bell kang youwei kangxi emperor koxinga lacquer li hongzhang li zicheng liaoyang list of emperors of the great qing empire list of manchu clans list of countries by population list of premiers of china list of revolutions and rebellions list of tributaries of imperial china loyalist macartney embassy manchu manchu language manchu official headwear manchukuo manchuria mandarin square mandate of heaven martino martini matteo ricci meiji restoration miao people military history of china militia ming dynasty monarchy mongolia mongolian language mongolian script mountain pass muslim nanjing napoleonic wars national anthem netherlands new army nian gengyao nien rebellion northeast china nurhaci oboi outer mongolia paddle steamer panthay rebellion pinyin porcelain pretender primorsky krai privy council putuo zongcheng temple puyi qi jiguang qianlong emperor qin dynasty qinghai rebellion republic of china revolt of the three feudatories rifle royal navy royal house russia russian empire second opium war self-strengthening movement shaanxi shandong shanhaiguan shanxi shenyang shipping shunzhi emperor sichuan silk silver simplified chinese character smallpox society of jesus song dynasty sonin soviet union spring and autumn period suksaha sun yat-sen sushun tael taiping taiping rebellion taiwan tea three kingdoms tibet timeline of chinese history trade traditional chinese character treaty of nanking united kingdom of great britain and ireland wade-giles war war reparations warring states period western xia white lotus white lotus rebellion wikimedia commons willow willow palisade wokou wu sangui wuchang uprising xiang army xinhai revolution xinjiang yantai yongzheng emperor yuan chonghuan yuan dynasty yuan shikai yunnan zeng guofan zhang zhidong zhejiang zheng keshuang zongli yamen