amplifier antimony avalanche diode bell labs bipolar junction transistor boron calcium cavity magnetron charge-coupled device charge carrier compound semiconductor diac darlington transistor depletion region diode discrete device electric field electric potential electrical conduction electrical conductivity electron electron hole electron mobility electronic component electronics europe galena germanium gunn diode hall effect sensor ibm impatt diode indium integrated circuit ion ionizing radiation jedec jfet japan john bardeen julius edgar lilienfeld laser diode light light-emitting diode logic gate mosfet massachusetts institute of technology microprocessor mixed-signal integrated circuit n-type semiconductor nobel prize p-n junction p-type semiconductor pin diode phosphorus photodiode point-contact transistor power semiconductor device pro electron purdue university quantum mechanics radar radio read-only memory russell ohl schottky diode selenium semiconductor silicon silicon carbide solar cell sulfide switch texas instruments thyristor tizard mission transistor triac triode tunnel diode unijunction transistor united states university of chicago vacuum tube very-large-scale integration voltage walter houser brattain william shockley zener diode zone melting